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Infectious diseases in aquaculture could be prevented by vaccination rather than the traditional use of chemicals and drugs. Therefore, many researchers are currently focusing on developing aquaculture vaccines against important diseases. These include live-attenuated, killed, subunit, and DNA vaccines. However, the most popular and safer vaccine is the killed vaccine, which usually resulted in a low level and shorter period of immune response by the host. To overcome this, an adjuvant is included in a killed vaccine to enhance the host’s immune response. This chapter discusses the history of adjuvants and the role of adjuvants in fish vaccination studies, particularly on the technical advancement and applications in aquaculture. It starts with a general introduction to the history of adjuvants and a discussion on the role of adjuvants in vaccines and vaccination, including the classifications, functions, mode of …