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The attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with lead exposure during gestation. Devising strategies that ameliorate this condition are of great clinical relevance. Studies in rodent models of ADHD suggest that impairments in both cAMP and cGMP signaling cascades contribute to the hyperactivity phenotype. In this work, we investigated whether administration of vinpocetine, a phosphodiesterase type 1 inhibitor that increases both cAMP and cGMP levels in brain, mitigates hyperactivity in mice exposed to lead during development. Female adult Swiss mice either received lead acetate (90 ppm of lead) in their ad-lib water supply or tap water during two months before mating. Exposure persisted until their pups were 10 days old. At postnatal day 30, the animals either received vinpocetine (20 mg/kg ip) or vehicle 4 h before their locomotor activity were evaluated in open field for 10 min. At …