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In light of climate change, health risks are expected to be exacerbated by extreme temperatures. Many studies showed that high and low ambient temperatures are associated with increased short-term mortality risk, but little is known about these risks in Kuwait and the Gulf Region.

To examine the dose-response relationship between 24-h average ambient temperatures and daily mortality risk in Kuwait.

We gathered mortality and meteorological data from 2010 to 2016 in Kuwait. We did a time-series analysis using a negative binomial distribution, and studied the lag effects of temperature with distributed lag non-linear models.

A total of 33,574 all-cause non-accidental deaths were analyzed. The relationship was shown to be non-linear. Overall relative risks of death comparing the 1st percentile (10.9 °C) and the 99th percentile (42.7 °C) to the optimum temperature were 1.67 (1 …