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We investigated bacterial responses to variations in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrient availability by a comparative analysis of bacterial metabolism in lakes ranging from oligotrophic to eutrophic. Bacterial growth, respiration, and growth efficiency were quantified in lake water dilution cultures performed in 20 lakes located in eastern Quebec, Canada, which varied with respect to both DOC and nutrient concentrations. Intrinsic growth rates of the bacteria ranged from 0.1 to 1.4 d⁻, bacterial cell‐specific respiration rates ranged from 0.4 to 7.2 fg C cell⁻¹ h⁻¹, and growth efficiencies ranged from 6.7% to 51.6%. These variations were unrelated to bulk DOC concentrations. Instead, growth rate and efficiency were positively related to total phosphorus concentrations. Specific respiration rate, on the other hand, decreased with increasing phosphorus concentrations, and the magnitude of respiration, on a per …