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Salvia, Dorystaechas, Meriandra, Zhumeria, Perovskia, and Rosmarinus. Three distinct lineages exist within the genus Salvia, each more closely related to other genera than to the other lineages of Salvia. The subgenus Calosphace represents the largest species radiation in the genus, and belongs to a lineage including the Asian genera Dorystaechas and Meriandra, and Salvia subg. Audibertia. Subgenus Calosphace is supported as monophyletic and sister to a monophyletic subg. Audibertia (Walker & Sytsma 2006).

Salvia subg. Calosphace, containing approximately 500 species, is exclusively New World in its native distribution. The subgenus is defined within Salvia by its linear, longitudinally connate posterior anther connectives, subulate style branches, and large, spreading lateral lower corolla lobes (Bentham, 1832; 1848). The subgenus has centers of diversity in Mexico, the Andean region, and Southern …