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Context: In human, the chronology of the testicular development has been extensively studied, but the factors implicated in the onset and the regulation of gametogenesis and steroidogenesis remain hardly known.

Objectives: To identify these factors, we developed an organ culture system for human fetal testes recovered during the first trimester (6–12 wk) of gestation. We first aimed at investigating the characteristics of this system by comparing the in vivo and in vitro gametogenesis and steroidogenesis. Second, we used organ culture to investigate the effect on the human testicular functions of retinoic acid (RA), previously described as a regulator of gonadal development in rodents.

Results: Organ culture proved to be an efficient tool for studying the early development of the testicular functions. Indeed, this system was able to maintain satisfactory development of the germ cells and …