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Objective Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is characterized by recurrent episodes of peritonitis. Abdominal FMF attacks can be indistinguishable from those of an acute abdominal emergency, and patients may undergo one or more laparotomies before the true nature of their disease is documented. The objectives of this study were to investigate the frequency and reasons for abdominal surgeries performed on patients with FMF.

Methods We retrospectively reviewed the files of 254 patients with FMF (127 males, 127 females, mean age 27.2±6.3 years). We also included 182 healthy individuals for this study (89 males, 93 females, mean age 27.6±5 years; range 11-43) to make a comparison between FMF and healthy controls (HC) with respect to frequency of abdominal operations.

Results The number of patients with abdominal surgery in FMF group was 74 (29.1%). The number of surgeries performed in 74 patients with FMF was 92. The first abdominal surgery before the diagnosis of FMF was appendectomy in 68 patients (26.6%). In HC group, the number of abdominal operations was found to be 16 (8.7%). Of these abdominal operations, 9 (4.9%) were due to appendectomy. The rate of total abdominal operations and appendectomy were significantly higher in FMF group than in HC group (p= 0.0001).

Conclusion Abdominal attacks of FMF patients may cause an unnecessary laparotomy prior to the diagnosis of FMF. FMF patients can present with abdominal emergency while they are receiving colchicine. Therefore, each abdominal pain should be carefully determined according to clinical findings. The purpose of this study was to emphasize …