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In 1997, Freeman Dyson postulated two categories of scientific rev‐olution in his book “Imagined Worlds”. One kind is a concept‐driven revolution, allowing us to explain “old things in new ways”; another kind is tool‐driven revolution, allowing us to discover “new things that have to be explained”. 1 The human brain, as the most delicate and complex organ, contains around 100 billion neurons and 100 trillion connections, which are responsible for our behavior, cogni‐tion, emotion, and mind. The delicate organization of the brain can be perturbed by physical, chemical, and metabolic factors at any time point across the life span, developing brain and aging brain in particular. To explore the mystery of the brain and the possible ways for maintaining brain health and treating brain disorders, the ad‐vances of neurotechnology will be the engine of scientific revolution in 21st century.

Brain stimulation is a rapidly evolving …