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The aim of this work is to establish the difference among several Spanish Pinus pinaster provenances, on the basis of its oleoresin chemical composition. Oleoresin of five P. pinaster provenances in three experimental plantation areas has been studied. Monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, neutral diterpenes and resin acids are the main components. The compounds allowing the establishment of differences between provenances are isopimaric acid and α-pinene, whereas the differentiation between plots is established by pimaric acid and noracid 2. Provenances best differentiated are Ponteareas (Atlantic group) and Cómpeta (Maghrebian group).