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Ribonucleic acid (RNA)-binding proteins are rapidly being recognized as a major class of approximately a thousand proteins that are widely conserved throughout eukaryotes and play key roles in almost every aspect of RNA metabolism. RNA-binding proteins interact with hundreds to thousands of RNA substrates, including coding transcripts and long and short noncoding RNAs via cis-regulatory sequences or guided by associated small RNAs. Defects in the regulation of RNA targets by mutations within the RNA regulatory proteins, RNA cis-elements, or changes in protein availability or expression lead to numerous diseases. With the surge of high-throughput, massively parallel microarray and sequencing technologies in the past few years, there have been tremendous advances in genomics and systems-level approaches and computational methods to probe how RNA-binding proteins affect various aspects of …