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Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted attention for potential applications in light harvesting, catalysis, and molecular electronics. Mineral proteins involved in hard tissue biogenesis can produce 2D structures with high fidelity by using sustainable production routes. This study shows that a peptide mimic based on the catalytic triad of the marine sponge protein silicatein catalyzes the formation of nanometer thin and stable sheets of silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide.