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1. Acclimation or hardening to one stress in arthropods can lead to a plastic response, which confers increased resistance to other stresses. Such cross‐resistance may indicate shared physiological resistance mechanisms and a possibility of joint evolution for resistance traits.

2. In this study, we tested for cross‐resistance using Drosophila melanogaster as a model system. Adult females were assayed for resistance to cold, heat, desiccation and starvation following cold acclimation, heat hardening, desiccation hardening and starvation acclimation, resulting in 12 pretreatment‐by‐test combinations for estimating potential cross‐resistance effects. The acclimation/hardening regimes were chosen so that flies enhanced their resistance to the same type of stress as that used for the particular pretreatment.

3. Two cases of cross‐resistance were found, with desiccation‐hardened and starvation‐acclimated flies being …