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Objective:

The purpose of this research was to look at the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels and the risk for breast cancer (BC) among women in the Gaza Strip.

Methods:

This case-control study, which included 334 participants (112 women with BC as cases, and 222 women without BC as control), was conducted between January 2021 and August 2022. Research data for the cases were gathered at the Oncology Departments of the Gaza Strip’s two hospitals,“Al-Shifa Hospital and Turkish Palestinian Friendship Hospital,” as well as from the electronic records of the Screening Mammogram Unit at Al-Remal Clinic for controls. The information about the participants was gathered using a standardized questionnaire. The key variables related to BC were identified using multivariate logistic regression.

Results:

According to multivariate …