查看文章

Background Sex chromosome trisomies (47, XXX, 47, XXY and 47, XYY) are known to be a risk factor for language disorder, but it is hard to predict outcomes, because many cases are identified only when problems are found.

Methods We recruited children aged 5-16 years with all three types of trisomy, and divided them into a High Bias group, identified in the course of investigations for neurodevelopmental problems, and a Low Bias group, identified via prenatal screening or other medical investigations. Children from a twin sample were used to compare pattern and severity of language problems: they were subdivided according to parental concerns about language/history of speech-language therapy into a No Concerns group (N= 118) and a Language Concerns group (N= 57). Children were assessed on a psychometric battery and a standardized parent checklist. After excluding children with intellectual …