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The ability to generate hematopoietic stem cells from human pluripotent cells would enable many biomedical applications. We find that hematopoietic CD34⁺ cells in spin embryoid bodies derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) lack HOXA expression compared with repopulation-competent human cord blood CD34⁺ cells, indicating incorrect mesoderm patterning. Using reporter hESC lines to track the endothelial (SOX17) to hematopoietic (RUNX1C) transition that occurs in development, we show that simultaneous modulation of WNT and ACTIVIN signaling yields CD34⁺ hematopoietic cells with HOXA expression that more closely resembles that of cord blood. The cultures generate a network of aorta-like SOX17⁺ vessels from which RUNX1C⁺ blood cells emerge, similar to hematopoiesis in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM). Nascent CD34⁺ hematopoietic cells and corresponding cells sorted …