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People with multiple sclerosis, paraplegia and neural tube defects typically have neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). This encompasses detrusor hyperreflexia with or without detrusor sphincter dyssynergia and hypo- or acontractility. Their effects undermine safe, effective and controlled storage and voiding of urine and predispose to reflux nephropathy. Therefore, patients in these diagnostic groups with NLUTD would be expected to have increased risk of renal failure. The aim of this study was to quantify this risk using the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). All patients registered in the database between 1994 and 1997 and aged 10–69 were included in the study. The prevalence and incidence of renal failure and renal replacement therapy in the general population was ascertained, as was the prevalence of multiple sclerosis, paraplegia and neural tube defects. The prevalence of …