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Bank reveals the presence of two powerful belief systems that haunt both the popular imagination and stalk the scientific landscape: the notions of “biological determinism”(that race is genetically inherited) and “racial essentialism”(that group-based biology maps to basic social behaviors). Together, biological determinism and racial essentialism form the “ideological double helix” that intertwines to shape beliefs about race and inequality and influence the theoretical approaches, analytic strategies, and interpretations taken by scholars

W. Carson Byrd is an assistant professor of pan-African studies, associate director of the Center on Racial Inequality, and affiliate faculty in the Anne Braden Institute for Social Justice Research at the University of Louisville. His research examines race and educational inequality, particularly in relation to black students’ experiences in higher education; theoretical and methodological …