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Recent schizophrenia research supports a model, wherein aberrant brain changes in late-adolescence contribute to the onset and early progression of disease. 1 To further examine this model, longitudinal studies of genetic high-risk subjects, including those in prodromal stage, have recently been conducted. 2 Parallel studies evaluating patients with recent-onset schizophrenia are growing in number. 3 Nonetheless, almost all these studies are limited to clinical and neuropsychological characterization, and to brain imaging. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms underlying these dynamic changes remain elusive. In order to address this fundamental question with better molecular understanding, we have examined the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with recent-onset schizophrenia (within the first five years of disease) and have compared these samples to those from age-matched healthy controls and …