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Structured and spatial-nuanced interactions between components in tumor microenvironment (TME) regulates the efficacy of anti-tumor regimens. Insights into this orchestrated behavior in therapeutic responders and non-responders will facilitate immunotherapies. High-multiplex imaging and spatial statistics enable deep profiling of TMEs by simultaneous arraying cell phenotypes and locations. In this study, we quantified the landscape of TMEs from neoadjuvant cabozantinib and nivolumab administered locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biospecimen.

14 patients with HCC were treated with the combination of cabozantinib and nivolumab through the Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center. Among them, 12 patients (5 responders + 7 non-responders) underwent successful margin negative resection and are subjects to tissue microarray (TMAs …