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Disputes in kidney disease (KD) incidence and progression are commonly believed to be based upon group differences in the prevalence of risk factors for KDs, such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. But the prevalence of these comorbidity disorders does not fully explain the increased rate of developments in high-risk populations from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal diseases arise as renal function losses eventually resulting in total kidney failure. There is no complete understanding of the processes underlying the causes and development of KDs. The kidneys are a common target organ for the toxicity of different environmental compounds and agents from contact. We must recognize both chemical and pathological pathways and factors that could alter the susceptibility of injury to understand the risk to human health from exposures like these. At present, the test for early disease, predicting disease progression or monitoring therapeutic response is not sufficiently sensitive or specified. Despite several advances in treatment and understanding acute renal failure (ARF) pathogenesis, there persist conflict, ambiguity, and lack of certainty on many aspects in that field. The incidence, etiology, and clinical characteristics of RF are important in promoting preventative strategies and the use of sufficient resources for managing the disease. The article contains brief information about kidney failure, different KDs, their risk factor, prevention and also contains numerous herbs that are effective in the treatment of KDs.