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Forest biologists have developed strong justifications for why trees should be viewed as model systems in plant biology, including the obvious challenges in extrapolating findings from annual, herbaceous plants to organisms that are distinguished by perennial growth, large size, complex crown architecture, extensive secondary xylem, dormancy, and juvenile–mature phase changes (Bradshaw et al., 2000; Taylor, 2002). Similar justification has been used to argue why the genome of a tree should be sequenced. The US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, announced earlier this year plans to sequence the first tree genome, that of the black cottonwood