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In most mammals, intraspecies communication relies heavily on the vomeronasal system and its ability to detect pheromones. Vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) express G protein–coupled, seven-transmembrane receptors from either the V1r or V2r superfamilies^,,,, which represent the only candidate pheromone receptors in mammals. Here, we show at the single-cell level that V1r receptors are involved in chemodetection and identify a specific receptor–agonist pair in the vomeronasal system.