作者
Mia M Gaudet, Brian D Carter, Louise A Brinton, Roni T Falk, Inger T Gram, Juhua Luo, Roger L Milne, Sarah J Nyante, Elisabete Weiderpass, Laura E Beane Freeman, Dale P Sandler, Kim Robien, Kristin E Anderson, Graham G Giles, Wendy Y Chen, Diane Feskanich, Tonje Braaten, Claudine Isaacs, Lesley M Butler, Woon-Puay Koh, Alicja Wolk, Hans-Olov Adami, Emily White, Karen L Margolis, Michael J Thun, Susan M Gapstur
发表日期
2017/6/1
期刊
International journal of epidemiology
卷号
46
期号
3
页码范围
881-893
出版商
Oxford University Press
简介
Background: The 2014 US Surgeon General’s report noted research gaps necessary to determine a causal relationship between active cigarette smoking and invasive breast cancer risk, including the role of alcohol consumption, timing of exposure, modification by menopausal status and heterogeneity by oestrogen receptor (ER) status.
Methods: To address these issues, we pooled data from 14 cohort studies contributing 934 681 participants (36 060 invasive breast cancer cases). Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: Smoking duration before first birth was positively associated with risk (P-value for trend = 2 × 10–7) with the highest HR for initiation >10 years before first birth (HR = 1.18, CI 1.12–1.24). Effect modification by current alcohol consumption was …
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MM Gaudet, BD Carter, LA Brinton, RT Falk, IT Gram… - International journal of epidemiology, 2017