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Although Scandinavian moist snuff (“snus”), no doubt, is a safer alternative to smoking, there is limited evidence against an association with gastroesophageal cancers. In a retrospective cohort study, we investigated esophageal and stomach cancer incidence among 336,381 male Swedish construction workers who provided information on tobacco smoking and snus habits within a health surveillance program between 1971 and 1993. Essentially complete follow‐up through 2004 was accomplished through linkage to several nationwide registers. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Compared to never‐users of any tobacco, smokers had increased risks for adenocarcinoma (RR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.4–3.7) and squamous cell carcinoma (RR = 5.2, 95% CI 3.1–8.6) of the esophagus, as well as cardia (RR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.5–3.0) and …