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We identified ectomycorrhizal (ECM) roots formed byStrobilomyces confusus associated withAbies firma based on molecular analyses combined with ECM descriptions and examined the correspondence between above-groundS. confusus fruiting bodies and ECM roots below ground. Both mature fruiting bodies ofS. confusus and soil samples (1,000 cm³ in volume) from directly below the fruiting body were collected from three different spots in a 10 × 30-m plot in central Japan, in whichA. firma was the dominant species. Total of 6,156 root tips was collected from the area directly under the fruiting bodies ofS. confusus were classified representing 16 morphotypes. Among them, type 16 was identical in both the length of the internal transcribed spacer region and the restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles ofAlu I orHinf 1 digests, to those of the fruiting body ofS. confusus. Although a specific ECM …