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Influenza is controlled by protective titres of neutralizing antibodies, induced with the help of CD4 T-cells, and by antiviral T-cell effector function. Adjuvants are essential for the efficient vaccination of a naïve population against avian influenza. We evaluated a range of adjuvants for their ability to enhance, in naïve mice, protective hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres, which represent the generally accepted correlate of protection, virus-neutralizing titres and T-cell responses to a new generation influenza vaccine produced in cell culture. The selected adjuvants include alum, calcium phosphate (CAP), MF59, the delivery system poly-(lactide co-glycolide) (PLG) and the immune potentiator CpG. MF59 was clearly the most potent single adjuvant and induced significantly enhanced, long-lasting HI and neutralizing titres and T-cell responses in comparison to all alternatives. The combination of alum, MF59, CAP or PLG …