查看文章

Next generation veterinary vaccines are going to mainly comprise of either subunit or inactivated bacteria/viruses. These vaccines would require optimal adjuvants and delivery systems to accord long-term protection from infectious diseases in animals. There is an urgent need for the development of new and improved veterinary and human vaccine adjuvants. Adjuvants can be broadly divided into two classes, based on their principal mechanisms of action: vaccine delivery systems and ‘immunostimulatory adjuvants’. Vaccine delivery systems are generally particulate e.g. emulsions, microparticles, ISCOMS and liposomes, and mainly function to target associated antigens into antigen presenting cells (APC). In contrast, immunostimulatory adjuvants are predominantly derived from pathogens and often represent pathogen associated molecular patterns, e.g. LPS, MPL and CpG DNA, which activate cells of the innate …