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Dye-contaminated water is a global problem due to its negative impact on human health and the aquatic environment. Photocatalysis is the most promising technique for dye pollution remediation, and TiO₂ is the prime choice photocatalyst due to its complete removal capacity of dyes from wastewater. However, the low quantum efficiency of TiO₂ under solar radiation limits its commercialization in the treatment of dye-containing wastewater. Therefore, extensive research has been conducted to increase the quantum efficiency of TiO₂ through doping and morphological modifications to enhance the dye degradation efficiency under UV–Vis irradiation. Different doped TiO₂ can be prepared by sol-gel, hydrothermal, solvothermal methods, etc. The photodegradation activity of doped TiO₂ depends on the type of dopant and its concentration, preparation methods, morphology, and nature of dye molecules. Metal and …