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Exosomes are circulating nanovesicular carriers of macromolecules, increasingly used for diagnostics and therapeutics. The ability to load and target patient-derived exosomes without altering exosomal surfaces is key to unlocking their therapeutic potential. We demonstrate that a peptide (CP05) identified by phage display enables targeting, cargo loading, and capture of exosomes from diverse origins, including patient-derived exosomes, through binding to CD63—an exosomal surface protein. Systemic administration of exosomes loaded with CP05-modified, dystrophin splice–correcting phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (EXO_PMO) increased dystrophin protein 18-fold in quadriceps of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice compared to CP05-PMO. Loading CP05-muscle–targeting peptide on EXO_PMO further increased dystrophin expression in muscle with functional improvement without any detectable toxicity …