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During the boro (irrigated dry season) and aman (wet season) seasons of 2000-04, on-farm trials were conducted in 7 districts (Bogra, Chandpur, Jessore, Kishoreganj, Mymensingh, Pabna and Tangail) in Bangladesh to study the efficacy of the urea deep placement (UDP; deep placement of urea supergranules or briquettes into puddled soil shortly after transplanting) method and farmers' practice (FP; split application of broadcast urea) in enhancing rice yield and N use. The average amount of N applied during the boro and aman seasons was higher under FP (149 and 95 kg/ha, respectively) than under UDP (79 and 59 kg/ha). The yield increase under UDP was achieved using much less urea fertilizer. UDP resulted in higher grain yield and N fertilizer use efficiency than FP. The average UDP grain yield benefit over FP was 1120 kg/ha during the boro season and 890 kg/ha during the aman season. The …