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Ganciclovir was given prophylactically to 25 patients receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplants for haematological malignancy. Patients who were seropositive for cytomegalovirus (CMV) pre‐transplant were given ganciclovir both pre‐ and post‐transplant. Those who were CMV seronegative, but who received marrow from a CMV seropositive donor, received ganciclovir post‐transplant. No non‐haemopoietic toxicity was observed. Toxicity was restricted to late reversible haematological toxicity in four of the 19 evaluable patients (one thrombocytopenia, one pancytopenia, two leucopenia). No CMV interstitial pneumonitis (IP) was observed, nor were any other clinically manifest CMV infections detected. Sixteen patients remain alive at > 84 to > 518 d post‐transplant. In a retrospective comparison of 152 recipients of allogeneic transplants for haematological malignancy not given prophylactic ganciclovir, and in …