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Data comparing survival after lobectomy versus that after segmentectomy for stage I non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are limited to single-institution observational studies and 1 clinical trial. We sought to determine if lobectomy offers a survival advantage over segmentectomy for stage I NSCLC based on population-based data.

Using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (1998 to 2007), we identified patients who underwent either anatomic segmentectomy or lobectomy. Wedge resections were excluded. Analysis was limited to patients with stage I adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. After stratifying patients based on tumor size (less than or equal to 2.0 cm, 2.1 to 3.0 cm, and 3.1 to 7.0 cm), we assessed for association between extent of resection and survival using the Kaplan-Meier method. To adjust for potential confounding variables, we used …