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In this paper, an overdeterminist value-theoretic and class-based approach is used to intervene in the discussions of ecological sustainability. It is argued that the search in nature for ecological principles to guide society/nature relations is epistemologically suspect. Ecological problems in capitalism are inseparably articulated with the process of extracting surplus value. Moreover, due to their adverse impacts, they instigate struggles over the appropriation of nature that shape the possibility of sustainable development. This analysis suggests that capitalism may be ecologically sustainable, but that is by no means given. It is argued that scientific research and technology development in capitalism, so often presented as a solution, could create new ecological risks. The greening of capitalism is contradictory and socially unjust. Socialism can be expected to be preferable to capitalism on a number of social grounds …