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Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of low-risk thyroid cancer are important problems. 1 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines indicate that thyroid nodules less than 1 cm should not be biopsied, nodules 1 cm to 1.5 cm should be biopsied only when features concerning for a malignant tumor exist, and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) nodules 1 cm or less should be managed with active surveillance or lobectomy. 2 Biopsy and treatment with total thyroidectomy or radioactive iodine (RAI) outside these recommendations have been associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment, respectively. Because physician-level factors associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment of thyroid cancer are poorly understood, we conducted a national survey examining physicians’ recommendations for thyroid nodules and low-risk PTC.