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Cleistogamy is considered to be an adaptive strategy resulting in plasticity in chasmogamous (CH) and cleistogamous (CL) flower production depending on environmental conditions and plant size. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CH and CL flower production in Portulaca oleracea is genetically differentiated among populations in association with climatic conditions.

First, we conducted growth experiments with P. oleracea seedlings from 16 populations under two temperature conditions. Secondly, we sowed seeds originating from the parents in the first experiment and grew the resulting plants to investigate whether flower production is heritable and whether plants in the same population show the same pattern of flower production.

Two types of plants that produced only CH or CL flowers (referred …