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We evaluated the effect of parenteral nutrition (PN) and enteral nutrition (EN) on in–pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) mortality before and after a continuous education program in nutrition support that leads to implementation of a nutrition support team (NST). We used a historical cohort study of infants hospitalized for >72 hours at the PICU from 1992 to 2003. Five periods were selected (P1 to P5), considering the modifications incorporated into the program: P1, without intervention; P2, basic themes and original articles discussion; P3, clinical and nursing staff participation; P4, clinical visits; P5, NST. The samples were compared in terms of sex, age, admitting service (ie, medical vs surgical), prognostic index of mortality, length of stay (LOS), duration of mechanical ventilation, in‐PICU mortality rate, and percentage of time receiving EN and PN for each patient. Bi‐ and multivariate analyses …