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To compare the efficacy of remnant ablation following a single low dose (specific activity of ¹³¹I administered, 1074–1110 MBq) vs. a single high dose (mostly 2775–3700 MBq) of ¹³¹I in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and to determine whether or not the extent of surgery influences outcome.

Nineteen studies have reported the results of low dose ¹³¹I ablation. Of these, 11 met our criteria for a comparative analysis. Two additional cohorts of ours were added and these were analysed in two groups based on the extent of surgery (near‐total [NT; Woodhouse1] vs. sub‐total [ST; Woodhouse2]). There were 518 low dose and 449 high dose patients in all.

The average failure of a single low dose was 46 ± 28% (SD). Meta‐analysis revealed a statistically significant advantage for a single high over a single low dose and a pooled reduction in relative risk of failure of the high …