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With the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there is debate regarding biological and psychosocial risk factors. While it is well established that alcohol lowers glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, it is less clear whether alcohol consumption is protective of T2DM. It is also unclear how gender and ethnicity influence the utility of HbA1c screening as a tool for T2DM diagnosis, particularly in the context of alcohol use. This cross-sectional study utilized the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014 dataset and was restricted to adults 20 years and older, nonpregnant, and not on antihypertensive medication (n = 4299) to evaluate the relationship between alcohol use and HbA1c. A multilinear regression model controlled for gender, ethnicity, education level, body mass index, and age. After controlling for covariates, both moderate (β = −0.073; p = 0.033) and heavy drinking (β …