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An experimental study was carried out for a period of six months to assess the potential of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) in earthen freshwater ponds. Nine earthen ponds (40 m² each) were randomly assigned to three treatments in triplicate. Carps and stinging catfish; carps, stinging catfish, and snails; and carps, stinging catfish, snails, and water spinach as IMTA, were assigned to T₁, T₂, and T₃, respectively. The stocking densities were: carps: 20,000 fingerlings ha⁻¹ at a ratio of 3: 1: 2: 2 for catla: silver carp: rohu: mrigal; stinging catfish: 24,700 fingerlings ha⁻¹ in cage-in-pond for all treatments; and snails: 62 kg ha⁻¹ in T₂ and T₃. The carps were fed with supplementary feed, a mixture of rice bran and wheat bran (1: 1) at the rate of 3–5% of fish biomass; the stinging catfish with commercial feed for the first 45 days, and snail-mixed pelleted feed for the rest of the experimental period, at the rate of 5 …