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Th17 cells mediated immune response is important in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection and inflammation associated diseases; however, little is known about their immunopathogenic role in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF). Interleukin‐23 receptor (IL‐23R) is essential for the generation of pathogenic Th17 cells; therefore, we aimed to evaluate IL‐23R expression and its correlation with disease severity in ACLF.

Forty‐two patients with ACLF (HBV and alcohol‐related), thirty‐two with CHB and twenty healthy controls (HC) were studied. Circulating and intrahepatic profile of Th17 cells and IL‐23R was investigated. Association of IL‐23R with disease severity was determined.

Circulating Th17 cells were significantly increased in both ACLF groups (P = 0.03, P = 0.006) than CHB and HC. Percentage of Th17 cells was higher in liver than peripheral blood of ACLF patients (P = 0.04 …