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The mucopolysaccharide (MPS) content and composition of fatty streaks (posterior thoracic and abdominal aorta) were compared to carefully selected un-involved aortic intima (anterior thoracic). An altered composition of MPS in the very earliest lesions occurring in adolescent males was observed. An increase of MPS, chondroitin sulfate C in particular, was found in the fatty streaks associated with spindle cell and extracellular lipid in 12 to 25 year age group. The area of the aorta more susceptible to atherosclerosis showed the most striking changes. These studies are a further indication that MPS contribute to the development of fatty streaks, likely through their interaction with lipids.