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Extracellular enzymes are the proximate agents of organic matter decomposition and measures of these activities can be used as indicators of microbial nutrient demand. We conducted a global‐scale meta‐analysis of the seven‐most widely measured soil enzyme activities, using data from 40 ecosystems. The activities of β‐1,4‐glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, β‐1,4‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase and phosphatase g⁻¹ soil increased with organic matter concentration; leucine aminopeptidase, phenol oxidase and peroxidase activities showed no relationship. All activities were significantly related to soil pH. Specific activities, i.e. activity g⁻¹ soil organic matter, also varied in relation to soil pH for all enzymes. Relationships with mean annual temperature (MAT) and precipitation (MAP) were generally weak. For hydrolases, ratios of specific C, N and P acquisition activities converged on 1 : 1 : 1 but across ecosystems …