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Cyclo‐oxygenase is expressed in cells in two distinct isoforms. Cyclo‐oxygenase‐1 is present constitutively whilst cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 is expressed primarily after inflammatory insult. The activity of cyclo‐oxygenase‐1 and ‐2 results in the production of a variety of potent biological mediators (the prostaglandins) that regulate homeostatic and disease processes. Inhibitors of cyclo‐oxygenase include the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) aspirin, ibuprofen and diclofenac. NSAIDs inhibit cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 at the site of inflammation, to produce their therapeutic benefits, as well as cyclo‐oxygenase‐1 in the gastric mucosa, which produces gastric damage. Most recently selective inhibitors of cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 have been developed and introduced to man for the treatment of arthritis. Moreover, recent epidemiological evidence suggests that cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitors may have important therapeutic …