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Effect of repeated oral administration of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) (10 and 20 mg/kg body weight/day for 7 and 30 days) on the antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation (LPX) of rat cerebral hemisphere (CH) was evaluated. The level of LPX was elevated after 7 days of treatment in crude homogenate (endogenous and FeSO₄- and ascorbic acid–stimulated) and subcellular fractions except the nuclear fraction in which induction was seen after 30 days. The pesticide elicited a significant decrease in the activities of cytosolic total and CN⁻-sensitive superoxide dismutase (SOD) after 7 and 30 days of HCH treatment, but failed to evoke any change in CN⁻-resistant SOD. Catalase activity decreased throughout the treatment period. Cerebral glutathione peroxidase activity (both selenium-dependent and -independent isoenzymes) and the level of glutathione content were decreased after 7 …