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Millions of people die every year from diseases caused by exposure to outdoor air pollution^,,,,. Some studies have estimated premature mortality related to local sources of air pollution^,, but local air quality can also be affected by atmospheric transport of pollution from distant sources^,,,,,,,,,,. International trade is contributing to the globalization of emission and pollution as a result of the production of goods (and their associated emissions) in one region for consumption in another region^,,,,. The effects of international trade on air pollutant emissions, air quality and health have been investigated regionally, but a combined, global assessment of the health impacts related to international trade and the transport of atmospheric air pollution is lacking. Here we combine four global models to estimate premature mortality caused by fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) pollution as a result of atmospheric transport and the production …