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Research on urban poverty has moved on from an income–consumption perspective to a more informed and multi-dimensional approach in order to understand the multiple deprivations the poor face. Urban environmental quality, however, is one dimension that still gets little attention, particularly in data-poor environments. The research in this chapter proposes a remote-sensing-based approach for including environmental aspects in the analysis of urban deprivation, taking the city of Kalyan-Dombivli (India) as a case for study. An index of environmental quality was constructed on the basis of three indicators: thermal environment, distribution of greenery, and building density, derived from Landsat TM and ETM+, IRS Resourcesat and QuickBird images, respectively. Further, the impact of street orientation was analysed with the help of a digital surface model of the city that was created using Cartosat-1 stereo pair …