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Nitrogen is often regarded as one of the most important limiting elements for plant growth. Nitrogen fixation is the biological process that reduces the molecular nitrogen into ammonia. A large number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria belonging to several bacterial domains have the potential to colonize the rhizosphere and boost the plant growth. In a mutualistic interaction, plants give a fixed carbon in exchange of nitrogen, fixed by bacteria known as symbiotic nitrogen fixation. This mechanism is mostly limited to legumes in agricultural systems. As a result, there is a lot of interest in figuring out how nonlegume plants, which generate the majority of human food, fix nitrogen biologically. In this regard, the present chapter highlights the nitrogen-fixing nonrhizobium and their genomics responsible for biological nitrogen fixation in nonlegumes. Nitrogen-fixing mechanisms in some of the important nonlegume crops have been …