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We have studied in HeLa cells at the electron microscope level the response to adenovirus infection of the RNA pro- cessing machinery. Components of the spliceosomes were localized by in situ hybridization with biotinylated U1 and U2 DNA probes and by immunolabeling with Y12 anti-Sm monoclonal antibody, whereas poly(A)⁺ RNAs were localized by specific binding of biotinylated poly(dT) probe. At early stages of nuclear transformation, the distribution of small nuclear RNPs was similar to that previously described in non-infected nuclei (Visa, N., Puvion-Dutilleul, F., Bachellerie, J. P. and Puvion, E., Eur. J. Cell Biol. 60, 308-321, 1993; Visa, N., Puvion-Dutilleul, F., Harper, F., Bachellerie, J. P. and Puvion, E., Exp. Cell Res. 208, 19-34, 1993). As the infection progresses, the large virus-induced inclusion body consists of a central storage site of func- tionally inactive viral genomes surrounded by a …