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Nanofibrous biocomposite scaffolds of type I collagen and nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHA) of varying compositions (wt %) were prepared by electrostatic cospinning. The scaffolds were characterized for structure and morphology by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The scaffolds have a porous nanofibrous morphology with random fibers in the range of 500−700 nm diameters, depending on the composition. FT-IR and XRD showed the presence of nanoHA in the fibers. The surface roughness and diameter of the fibers increased with the presence of nanoHA in biocomposite fiber as evident from AFM images. Tensile testing and nanoindendation were used for the mechanical characterization. The pure collagen fibrous matrix (without nanoHA) showed a tensile strength of 1.68 ± 0.10 MPa and a …