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For years, biochar has been successfully used for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soils, not only for improving their removal from soil but also for reducing their uptake by crops. However, the underlying mechanism of biochar application reducing PAH uptake and accumulation in winter wheat remains unclear. Pot trials were conducted on a PAH-contaminated soil amended with bamboo biochar, coconut shell biochar, and maize straw biochar (MSB) for an entire growth period of winter wheat. Compared with no biochar control (CK), application of the three types of biochar significantly (P< 0.01) reduced grain PAH concentration, total equivalent concentration (TEC), and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), indicating that biochar application, especially MSB, reduced the risk of exposure to PAHs in wheat grain. Furthermore, all three types of biochar significantly (P< 0.05 …